Hindlimb bilateral Epidural anesthesia L7S1

Epidural anesthesia L7S1

Onset of effect and duration:
Lidocain 2%: 5 min/1-2 h
Mepivacain 2%: 5-10 min/1-3 h
Bupivacain 0.5%: 10-20 min/4-6 h
Ropivacain 0.75%: 10-20 min/3-5 h
^{(Cruz et al. 1997, Feldman und Covino 1988, Duke et al. 2000)}

Injection volumes dog (kg):
1 ml/10 kg: blockade perineum and tail
1 ml/7 kg: blockade Hglm (L3)
1 ml/5 kg: blockade caudal abdomen (L1)
0.36 ml/kg: ovariohysterectomy (T10)
^{(Freire et al. 2010, Almeida et al. 2007)}

Injection volumes dog (L_^oc):
0.5 ml/10 cm: 30-35% L_^OC
1.0 ml/10 cm: 55-60% L_^OC
1.5 ml/10 cm: 70-75% L^{_OC
(Otero et al. 2009)}
Maximum volume / dog: 6ml

Injection volumes cat (kg):
0.2 ml/kg: blockade to L1/2
0.4 ml/kg: blockade to T6-10
1-1.5 ml per Cat
^{(Lee et al. 2004a)}

Epidural anesthesia L7S1

Opioids:
Morphin (10 mg/ml)

Injection volume:
0.1 ml/10 kg
^{(Valverde et al. 1989a)}

Alpha2 agonists:
Medetomidin (1 mg/ml)

Injection volume:
0.05 ml/10 kg
^{(Branson et al. 1993)}

Advantages:

• Simple technique with a wide range of indications
• Postoperative analgesia in combination with morphine (up to 24 h)
• Single-shot or catheter

Disadvantages:

• Sympathic blockade (vasodilation leads to hypotension/hypothermia)
• Inefficient blockade
• Urine retention

Contraindications:

• Coagulopathy
• Hypovolemia/hypotension
• Infections or neoplasms in the puncture area
• Neuropathies

Repeatable injection:
Ropivacain 0.2% (+ Morphin)

CRI:
Ropivacain 0.2% + 2µg Fentanyl / ml admixed solution
0.02-0.05 ml/kg/h
^{(Otero und Campoy 2013)}